An initial (August) placement of two of the temperature probes was used to compare water temperature in Waiahole Stream with that in Waianu Stream, a left-bank branch of Waiahole receiving a comparatively smaller input of water (about 2.5 mgd) from the Waiahole Ditch. Probes were submerged on each stream approximately 20-30 meters upstream of their confluence (that is, at Station 002 on Waiahole). In each case, a probe was submerged at least 6 inches in flowing water, hidden against the left bank, and in a shady location. Results of Run No. 1 are summarized in this table:
|
Temperature Monitoring Run No. 1 August 3 (~3:45 PM) - August 25 (~1:33 PM), 1999 |
|||
Waiahole Stream |
Waianu Stream |
NOT USED |
|
| Sampling Rate (First Measurement) |
every 15-min (3:48 PM) |
every 15-min (3:49 PM) |
|
| No. of measurements | 2104 | 2104 | |
| Temperature Average | 20.4oC | 22.5oC | |
| Temperature Minimum | 19.7 oC | 21.0 oC | |
| Temperature Maximum | 21.2 oC | 24.7 oC | |
After three weeks of recording temperature, differences are readily apparent between Waiahole with substantially restored water flow and Waianu with a smaller volume of restored flow. Water temperature in Waiahole Stream varies hardly at all (just over 1 Co) between day and night and the water is cooler than the water flowing in Waianu. For any given pair of measurements collected at the same time, the water in Waianu was anywhere between 1.0 and 3.8 Co above the temperature in Waiahole Stream. The average of these paired differences is 2.1 oC. A graph of the results from Run No. 1 is posted. The graph shows the daily rise and fall of the temperature in each stream. Generally, the lowest temperature each day occurs between 6:00 and 8:00 AM; the highest temperature between 3:00 and 4:00 PM.
Our second temperature run compares Waiahole Stream (at Station 2) with nearby Waikane Stream. Flows in these two streams at this time of year are substantially different. The results from monitoring between August 25 and November 16, 1999 are summarized in the following table:
It is clear that water in Waikane Stream is warmer and more variable between day and night than water in Waiahole Stream. Waikane temperature profile is similar to that of Waianu Stream, yet slightly warmer and less variable that Waianu. The monitoring location on Waikane is near Kamehameha Highway, at a lower elevation than the measurements made to date on either Waiahole or Waianu streams.
On September 3, probe No. 2 was deployed at Station 001 in Waiahole Stream. This location is just above the Mauka lo`i intake and not expected to differ substantially from Station 002. However, Station 001 is a better location for long-term baseline monitoring in Waiahole Stream. The Optic Stowaway at Station 002 is still recording, to permit comparison between Stations 001 and 002 during our monitoring Run No. 3.
Over this ten week period of recording temperatures a very slight difference can be seen to exist between Station 001 located just above the mauka lo`i and Station 002 in Waiahole Stream below the lo`i return water. Temperature, on average, is 0.2 Co cooler at Station 001. This is, of course, a miniscule difference, but demonstrates the analytical power of using a continuous sampling/recording device for temperature measurements. Temperature was slightly less variable at Station 001 (ranging over only 1.5 Co) during this period than at Station 002 (1.7 Co; see Table 1 above). Upon completion of this run, Station 001 will become the long-term monitoring location for Waiahole Stream.
A recording probe was placed in Waianu Stream near the auwai diversion -- that is, upstream of the (Reppun) lo`i -- on November 8, 1999. This location is designated Waianu Station 001.
Temperature Monitoring Run No. 2
August 25 (~14:20) -- November 16 (~12:00)
Waiahole Stream
NOT USED
Waikane Stream
Sampling Rate
(First Measurement)every 15-min
(2:20 PM)
every 15-min
(2:23 PM)
No. of measurements
7781
7960
Temperature Average
20.2oC
22.8oC
Temperature Minimum
19.5oC
20.8oC
Temperature Maximum
21.2oC
24.3oC
Temperature Monitoring Run No. 3
September 3 (~15:00) -- November 14 (~15:15)
Waiahole Stream
Sta. 002
Waiahole Stream
Sta. 001
Waikane Stream
see Run No. 2
Sampling Rate
(First Measurement)every 15-min
(2:19 PM)every 15-min
(2:15 PM)
No. of measurements
6916
6917
Temperature Average
19.96oC
20.16oC
Temperature Minimum
19.5oC
19.3oC
Temperature Maximum
21.2oC
20.8oC